| SCALPING |
THE
SURFACE MATCHING OF SURFACE LAYERS OF INGOTS,
BILLETS AND SLABS BEFORE MACHINING. |
| SCARFING |
CUTTING
OR GRINDING OUT DEFECTS FROM INGOTS, BILLETS,
OR THE EDGES OF PLATES THAT ARE TO BE BEVELED
FOR BUTT WELDING. |
| SCLEROSCOPE
HARDNESS TEST |
A
HARDNESS TEST IN WHICH A DIAMOND POINTED HAMMER
IS DROPPED ONTO METAL AND THE HEIGHT OF THE BOUNCE
IS MEASURED. |
| SCREW STOCK |
FREE
MACHINING BAR, ROD OR WIRE. |
| SKELP |
A
PIECE OR STRIP OF METAL PRODUCED TO A SUITABLE
THICKNESS, WIDTH AND EDGE FROM WHICH PIPE OR
TUBING IS MADE. |
| SEAM -
DEFECT |
A
CRACK ON THE SURFACE OF METAL THAT HAS BEEN CLOSED,
BUT NOT WELDED. IT IS CAUSED IN CASTING OR WORKING. |
| SECONDS |
A
DESIGNATION GIVEN TO MATERIAL THAT HAS SURFACE
DEFECTS. MATERIAL OF LESS THAN PRIME QUALITY. |
| SECONDARY
HARDENING |
TEMPERING
CERTAIN ALLOY STEELS AT CERTAIN TEMPERATURES
SO THAT THE RESULTING HARDNESS IS GREATER THAT
THAT OBTAINED BY TEMPERING THE SAME STEEL AT
SOME LOWER TEMPERATURE FOR THE SAME TIME. |
| SEGREGATION |
NON-UNIFORM
DISTRIBUTION OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS, IMPURITIES
OR MICROPHASES. |
| SHEAR |
A
MACHINE FOR CUTTING STEEL. |
| SHEAR
STRENGTH |
THE
STRESS REQUIRED TO PRODUCE FRACTURE IN THE PLANE
OF A PIECE OF METAL. |
| SHEAR CRACK |
A
CRACK OR FRACTURE CAUSED BY SHEAR STRESS. |
| SHIM |
A
THIN (HARD) FLAT METAL USED FOR TOOL, DIE AND
MACHINE ALIGNMENT PURPOSES. |
| SHORE HARDNESS TEST |
SEE
SCLEROSCOPE HARDNESS TEST |
| SHORT |
BRITTLE |
| SHORTNESS |
A
FORM OF BRITTLENESS IN METAL. IT IS DESIGNATED
AS AS "COLD," "HOT," "AND "RED" TO
INDICATED THE TEMPERATURE RANGE IN WHICH THE
BRITTLENESS OCCURS. |
| SILKY
FRACTURE |
A
VERY SMOOTH FINE GRAIN SILKY APPEARING FRACTURE. |
| SILVER
SOLDERS |
ALLOYS
OF SILVER, COPPER, ZINC AND OTHER METALS USED
FOR MAKING STRONG YET MODERATELY DUCTILE JOINTS
THAT RESIST CORROSION. |
| SINTERING |
CONVERTING
METAL POWDER INTO A MASS BY HEATING AFTER COMPRESSING. |
| SKIN |
A
THIN SURFACE LAYER THAT IS DIFFERENT FROM THE
MAIN MASS OF METAL IN COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE
OR OTHER CHARACTERISTICS . |
| SLAB |
SEE
BLOOM |
| SLIT
EDGE |
THE
EDGE RESULTING FROM A SLITTING OPERATION. |
| SLIVER- DEFECT |
LOOSE
METAL PIECE ROLLED INTO THE SURFACE OF THE METAL
DURING THE ROLLING OPERATION. |
| SLUG |
A
METAL BLANK FOR FORGING OR IMPACTING. |
| SOAKING |
PROLONGED
HEATING OF METAL AT SELECTED TEMPERATURE. |
| SOLID
SOLUTION |
A
SINGLE SOLID HOMOGENEOUS CRYSTALINE PHASE CONTAINING
TWO OR MORE CHEMICAL SPECIES. |
| SOLUTION
HEAT TREATMENT |
HEATING
AN ALLOY TO A SUITABLE TEMPERATURE, HOLDING AT
THAT TEMPERATURE LONG ENOUGH TO ALLOW ONE OR
MORE CONSTITUENTS TO ENTER INTO SOLID HEATING
SOLUTION. |
| SORBITE |
STRUCTURE
OF STEEL, RESULTING FROM THE TEMPERING OF MARTENSITE. |
| SPALLING |
THE
CRACKING AND FLAKING OF PARTICLES OF A SURFACE. |
| SPECIFIC
GRAVITY |
A
NUMERICAL VALUE REPRESENTING THE WEIGHT OF A
GIVEN SUBSTANCE AS COMPARED WITH THE WEIGHT OF
AN EQUAL VOLUME OF WATER. |
| SPHERODIZING |
HEATING
AND COOLING TO PRODUCE A SPHERICAL OR GLOBULAR
FORM OF CARBON IN STEEL. |
| STABILIZING
TREATMENT |
A
THERMAL PROCESS INTENDED TO STABILIZE THE STRUCTURE
OF AN ALLOY OR DIMENSIONS OF A PART. |
| STAINLESS STEEL |
CORROSION
RESISTANT STEEL IN A WIDE VARIETY OF TYPES, BUT
ALWAYS CONTAINING A LARGE AMOUNT OF CHROMIUM. |
| STAMPING |
A
TERM USED TO REFER TO VARIOUS PRESS FORMING OPERATIONS
IN COINING, EMBOSSING, BLANKING AND PRESSING. |
| STICKER |
THE
ADHERING OF STEEL SHEET OR STRIP. USUALLY CAUSED
BY OVERHEATING DURING BOX ANNEALING. |
| STRAIN |
DEFORMATION
PRODUCED ON A BODY BY AN OUTSIDE FORCE. |
| STRAIN
AGING |
AGING
INDUCED BY COLD WORKING. SEE AGING. |
| STRAIN HARDENING |
AN
INCREASE IN HARDNESS AND STRENGTH CAUSED BY PLASTIC
DEFORMATION AT LOWER THAN THE RECRYSTALLIZATION
RANGE. |
| STRESS
RELIEVING |
HEATING
TO A SUITABLE TEMPERATURE, HOLDING LONG ENOUGH
TO REDUCE RESIDUAL STRESSES AND THEN COOLING
SLOWLY ENOUGH TO MINIMIZE DEVELOPING NEW RESIDUAL
STRESSES. |
| STRETCH
FORMING |
FORMING
PANELS AND COWLS OF LARGE CURVATURE BY STRETCHING
SHEET OVER A FORM OF DESIRED SHAPE. THIS IS MORE
RAPID THAN HAMMERING AND BEATING. |
