| FRACTOGRAPHY |
DESCRIPTIVE
TREATMENT OF FRACTURE WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE
TO PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE FRACTURED SURFACE |
| FREE
MACHINING |
THE
MACHINING CHARACTERISTICS OF A METAL TO TO
WHICH AN ALLOY HAS BEEN ADDED, TO FACILITATE
MACHINING. |
| FRETTING |
ACTION
THAT RESULTS IN SURFACE DAMAGE, ESPECIALLY
IN A CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENT, WHERE THERE IS
RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN SOLID SURFACES IN
CONTACT UNDER PRESSURE. |
| GAGES |
STANDARD
NUMBERING SYSTEM FOR DECIMALS OR DIAMETERS. |
| GALLING |
DAMAGE
TO ONE OR BOTH METALLIC SURFACES BY REMOVAL
OF PARTICLES DUE TO SEIZURE DURING SLIDING
MOTION. |
| GALVANIC
CORROSION |
CORROSION
ASSOCIATED WITH THE CURRENT OF A GALVANIC
CELL CONSISTING OF TWO DISSIMILAR CONDUCTORS
IN A ELECTROLYTE OR TWO SIMILAR CONDUCTORS
IN DISSIMILAR ELECTRO-LYTES. |
| GRAIN |
A
MANY SIDED CRYSTAL CONSISTING OF GROUPS OF
ATOMS, BOUND TOGETHER IN A REGULAR GEOMETRIC
PATTERN. USUALLY THE GRAIN IS REPORTED ONLY
ON ONE PLANE. THE GRAIN SIZE IS AN INDICATION
OF THE DUCTILITY OF THE METAL. |
| GRAIN
GROWTH |
AN
INCREASE IN CRYSTAL SIZE AS ANNEALING TEMPERATURE
IS INCREASED. |
| GRANULAR
FRACTURE |
A
TYPE OF IRREGULAR SURFACE PRODUCED WHEN METAL
IS BROKEN. IT IS ROUGH AND GRAINY. |
| GRAPHITIZING |
ANNEALING
A FERROUS METAL IN A WAY THAT SOME OR ALL
OF THE CARBON IS PRECIPITATED AS GRAPHITE. |
| GRINDING
CRACKS |
SHALLOW
CRACKS CAUSED BY EXCESSIVE HEAT CAUSED IN
GRINDING OR THE SENSITIVITY OF THE MATERIAL. |
| GUN
DRILL |
A
DRILL, USUALLY WITH ONE OR MORE FLUTES AND
WITH A COOLANT PASSAGE IN THE DRILL BODY,
USED FOR DEEP HOLE DRILLING. |
| HARD
DRAWING |
DRAWING
METAL WIRE THROUGH A DIE TO REDUCE SIZE AND
INCREASE TENSILE STRENGTH. SEE COLD WORK. |
| HARDNESS |
THE
DEGREE TO WHICH METAL WILL RESIST CUTTING,
BEND- ING, ABRASION, STRETCHING AND PENETRATION.
THERE ARE MANY WAYS OF MEASURING .. I.E.
ROCKWELL, VICKERS, BRINELL. TENSILE STRENGTH
IS ALSO A WAY OF MEASURING HARDNESS. |
| HARDENABILITY |
THE
PROPERTY THAT DETERMINES THE DEPTH AND DISTRIBUTION
OF HARDNESS INDUCED BY QUENCHING (FERROUS
ONLY) HARDENING - INCREASING THE HARDNESS
USUALLY BY HEATING AND COOLING IN A PRESCRIBED
MANNER FOR THE PARTICULAR ALLOY. |
| HEAT
OF STEEL |
THE
PRODUCT OF A SINGLE MELTING OPERATION AT
THE PRODUCING MILL. THE HEAT NUMBER IDENTIFIES
THE MELT. |
| HEAT
AFFECTED ZONE |
THE
PORTION OF THE BASE METAL WHICH WAS NOT MELTED
IN BRAZING, WELDING OR CUTTING, BUT WHOSE
MICRO- STRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
WAS AFFECTED BY HEAT. |
| HEAT
TREATMENT |
CHANGING
THE PROPERTIES OF A METAL BY SUBSEQUENT HEATING
AND COOLING. |
| HERRINGBONE
STREAKS |
ELONGATED
ALTERNATE BRIGHT AND DULL MARKINGS AT AN
ANGLE TO THE ROLLING DIRECTION AND HAVING
THE APPEARANCE OF A HERRINGBONE PATTERN. |
| HONING |
REMOVING
STOCK GENERALLY ON THE INTERNAL CYLINDRICAL
WORKPIECE WITH AN ABRASIVE STICK MOUNTED
IN A HOLDER. |
| IMPACT |
A
PART FORMED IN A PRESS FROM A METAL SLUG
IN A DIE, USUALLY COLD AND BY RAPID APPLICATION
OF FORCE CAUSING THE METAL TO FLOW AROUND
THE PUNCH AND/OR THROUGH AN OPENING IN THE
DIE. |
| IMPACT
TEST |
TEST
TO DETERMINE THE RESISTANCE OF METAL TO BREAKAGE
BY IMPACT. SEE CHARPY TEST. |
| INCLUSIONS |
A
DEFECT. PARTICLES OF IMPURITIES IMBEDDED
IN STEEL. |
| INDUCTION
HARDENING |
QUENCH
HARDENING BY ELECTRICAL INDUCTION. |
| INDENTATION
HARDNESS |
A
TEST OF HARDNESS BY MEASURING THE PENETRATION
OF A POINTED OR ROUNDED INDENTER INTO THE
METAL. |
| INTERLEAVING |
PLACEMENT
OF PAPER BETWEEN LAYERS OF STEEL. |
| INTERMEDIATE
ANNEALING |
SOFTENING
MATERIAL BETWEEN PERIODS WORK HARDENING.
EXAMPLE, BETWEEN VERY DEEP DRAWS. |
| IRON
(FE) |
THE
BASIC ELEMENT IN FERROUS STEELS. |
| ISOTHERMAL
ANNEALING |
PROCESS
WHEREBY A FERROUS ALLOY IS HEATED TO PRODUCE
A STRUCTURE WHOLLY OR PARTIALLY AUSTENITIC,
AND THEN COOLED TO AND HELD AT A TEMPERATURE
THAT CAUSES TRANSFORMATION OF THE AUSTENITE
TO A RELATIVELY SOFT FERRITE-CARBIDE AGGREGATE. |
| IZOD
TEST |
AN
IMPACT TEST SIMILAR TO THE CHARPY TEST. |
| LADLE
ANALYSIS |
THE
ANALYSIS OF A TEST INGOT SAMPLE OBTAINED
DURING THE POURING OF THE STEEL FROM A LADLE. |
| LAMINATIONS |
A
DEFECT WHICH APPEARS IN SHEETS OR STRIPS
AS LAYERS INSTEAD OF A SOLID. CAUSED BY
GAS POCKETS IN THE ORIGINAL INGOT. THE
LAYERING RUNS THE DIRECTION OF THE ROLLING. |
| LAP |
SURFACE
DEFECT, APPEARING AS A SEAM, CAUSED BY FOLDING
OVER HOT METAL, FINS OR SHARP CORNERS AND
THEN ROLLING OR FORGING THEM INTO THE SURFACE. |
