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FRACTOGRAPHY |
DESCRIPTIVE TREATMENT OF FRACTURE WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO PHOTOGRAPHS
OF THE FRACTURED SURFACE |
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FREE MACHINING |
THE MACHINING
CHARACTERISTICS OF A METAL TO TO WHICH AN ALLOY HAS BEEN ADDED, TO
FACILITATE MACHINING.
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FRETTING |
ACTION THAT RESULTS
IN SURFACE DAMAGE, ESPECIALLY IN A CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENT, WHERE THERE IS
RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN SOLID SURFACES IN CONTACT UNDER PRESSURE.
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GAGES |
STANDARD NUMBERING
SYSTEM FOR DECIMALS OR DIAMETERS. |
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GALLING |
DAMAGE TO ONE OR BOTH
METALLIC SURFACES BY REMOVAL OF PARTICLES DUE TO SEIZURE DURING SLIDING
MOTION.
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GALVANIC CORROSION |
CORROSION ASSOCIATED
WITH THE CURRENT OF A GALVANIC CELL CONSISTING OF TWO DISSIMILAR CONDUCTORS
IN A ELECTROLYTE OR TWO SIMILAR CONDUCTORS IN DISSIMILAR ELECTRO-LYTES. |
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GRAIN |
A MANY SIDED CRYSTAL
CONSISTING OF GROUPS OF ATOMS, BOUND TOGETHER IN A REGULAR GEOMETRIC
PATTERN. USUALLY THE GRAIN IS REPORTED ONLY ON ONE PLANE. THE GRAIN SIZE IS
AN INDICATION OF THE DUCTILITY OF THE METAL. |
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GRAIN GROWTH |
AN INCREASE IN
CRYSTAL SIZE AS ANNEALING TEMPERATURE IS INCREASED.
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GRANULAR FRACTURE |
A TYPE OF IRREGULAR
SURFACE PRODUCED WHEN METAL IS BROKEN. IT IS ROUGH AND GRAINY. |
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GRAPHITIZING |
ANNEALING A FERROUS
METAL IN A WAY THAT SOME OR ALL OF THE CARBON IS PRECIPITATED AS GRAPHITE. |
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GRINDING CRACKS |
SHALLOW CRACKS CAUSED
BY EXCESSIVE HEAT CAUSED IN GRINDING OR THE SENSITIVITY OF THE MATERIAL. |
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GUN
DRILL |
A DRILL, USUALLY WITH
ONE OR MORE FLUTES AND WITH A COOLANT PASSAGE IN THE DRILL BODY, USED FOR
DEEP HOLE DRILLING. |
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HARD DRAWING |
DRAWING METAL WIRE
THROUGH A DIE TO REDUCE SIZE AND INCREASE TENSILE STRENGTH. SEE COLD WORK. |
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HARDNESS |
THE DEGREE TO WHICH
METAL WILL RESIST CUTTING, BEND- ING,
ABRASION, STRETCHING AND PENETRATION. THERE ARE MANY WAYS OF MEASURING ..
I.E. ROCKWELL, VICKERS, BRINELL. TENSILE STRENGTH IS ALSO A WAY OF
MEASURING HARDNESS. |
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HARDENABILITY |
THE PROPERTY THAT
DETERMINES THE DEPTH AND DISTRIBUTION OF HARDNESS INDUCED BY QUENCHING
(FERROUS ONLY) HARDENING - INCREASING THE HARDNESS USUALLY BY HEATING AND
COOLING IN A PRESCRIBED MANNER FOR THE PARTICULAR ALLOY. |
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HEAT OF STEEL |
THE PRODUCT OF A
SINGLE MELTING OPERATION AT THE PRODUCING MILL. THE HEAT NUMBER IDENTIFIES
THE MELT. |
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HEAT AFFECTED ZONE |
THE PORTION OF THE
BASE METAL WHICH WAS NOT MELTED IN BRAZING, WELDING OR CUTTING, BUT WHOSE
MICRO- STRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES WAS AFFECTED BY HEAT. |
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HEAT TREATMENT |
CHANGING THE
PROPERTIES OF A METAL BY SUBSEQUENT HEATING AND COOLING.
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HERRINGBONE STREAKS |
ELONGATED ALTERNATE
BRIGHT AND DULL MARKINGS AT AN ANGLE TO THE ROLLING DIRECTION AND HAVING THE
APPEARANCE OF A HERRINGBONE PATTERN.
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HONING |
REMOVING STOCK
GENERALLY ON THE INTERNAL CYLINDRICAL WORKPIECE WITH AN ABRASIVE STICK
MOUNTED IN A HOLDER. |
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IMPACT |
A PART FORMED IN A
PRESS FROM A METAL SLUG IN A DIE, USUALLY COLD AND BY RAPID APPLICATION OF
FORCE CAUSING THE METAL TO FLOW AROUND THE PUNCH AND/OR THROUGH AN OPENING
IN THE DIE.
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IMPACT TEST |
TEST TO DETERMINE THE
RESISTANCE OF METAL TO BREAKAGE BY IMPACT. SEE CHARPY TEST.
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INCLUSIONS |
A DEFECT. PARTICLES
OF IMPURITIES IMBEDDED IN STEEL. |
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INDUCTION
HARDENING |
QUENCH HARDENING BY
ELECTRICAL INDUCTION. |
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INDENTATION HARDNESS
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A TEST OF HARDNESS BY
MEASURING THE PENETRATION OF A POINTED OR ROUNDED INDENTER INTO THE METAL. |
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INTERLEAVING |
PLACEMENT OF PAPER
BETWEEN LAYERS OF STEEL. |
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INTERMEDIATE
ANNEALING |
SOFTENING MATERIAL
BETWEEN PERIODS WORK HARDENING. EXAMPLE, BETWEEN VERY DEEP DRAWS.
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IRON (FE) |
THE BASIC ELEMENT IN
FERROUS STEELS. |
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ISOTHERMAL
ANNEALING |
PROCESS WHEREBY A
FERROUS ALLOY IS HEATED TO PRODUCE A STRUCTURE WHOLLY OR PARTIALLY
AUSTENITIC, AND THEN COOLED TO AND HELD AT A TEMPERATURE THAT CAUSES
TRANSFORMATION OF THE AUSTENITE TO A RELATIVELY SOFT FERRITE-CARBIDE
AGGREGATE.
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IZOD TEST |
AN IMPACT TEST
SIMILAR TO THE CHARPY TEST. |
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LADLE
ANALYSIS |
THE ANALYSIS OF A
TEST INGOT SAMPLE OBTAINED DURING THE POURING OF THE STEEL FROM A LADLE.
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LAMINATIONS |
A DEFECT WHICH APPEARS IN SHEETS
OR STRIPS AS LAYERS INSTEAD OF A SOLID. CAUSED BY GAS POCKETS IN THE
ORIGINAL INGOT. THE LAYERING RUNS THE DIRECTION OF THE ROLLING. |
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LAP |
SURFACE DEFECT,
APPEARING AS A SEAM, CAUSED BY FOLDING OVER HOT METAL, FINS OR SHARP CORNERS
AND THEN ROLLING OR FORGING THEM INTO THE SURFACE.
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